We can take any of the basic functions and move them around so that they are no longer situated at (0,0) as their “starting point” In intermediate algebra we will translate quadratic, square root and absolute functions. We will translate these functions up, down, left, right reflect over the y-axis, vertical and horizontal stretch / shrinking. Here is a nice summary of transformations.
Also, see this summary: transformations_of_graphs_of_functions
Translation of graphs:
Khan Academy on shifting, reflecting, and translating functions:
Intermediate Algebra 